Duelo por muerte de animales de compañía
Factores ligados a intensidad sintomática y recursos de afrontamiento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32654/DialogosAbiertos.3-2.2Palabras clave:
animal de compañía, duelo, luto, mascota, muerteResumen
En las últimas décadas, la convivencia con animales de compañía ha aumentado, destacándose beneficios emocionales como costos, especialmente al lidiar con su muerte. Comprender factores relacionados con severidad de duelo y mejor afrontamiento, ayuda a desarrollar estrategias de apoyo para estos tutores en luto. Se analizaron tutores de Argentina (n = 288) tras la pérdida de un perro o gato, evaluando intensidad sintomática (Pet Bereavement Questionnaire; PBQ), concepción de continuidad humano-animal (Animal-Human Continuity Scale; AHCS), y la disponibilidad y utilidad de recursos de afrontamiento. No se registraron diferencias entre quienes habían perdido perros y gatos. La mayor edad del tutor y del animal se asoció con menor sintomatología, mientras que las muertes inesperadas, y más aún las accidentales, se ligaron a más síntomas. La mayor percepción de continuidad humano-animal se ligó a más síntomas de duelo. Los recursos de afrontamiento más útiles y disponibles fueron el apoyo de familiares y amigos, la realización de rituales funerarios y el empleo de elementos (e.g., retratos) para recordar. Se destaca la información pronóstica para incrementar la predictibilidad en casos de afecciones crónicas, así como las necesidades de apoyo emocional y de orientación espiritual para legitimar la pérdida.
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